Age-related differences of motor cortex plasticity in adults: a transcranial direct current stimulation study.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive, and motor performance are reduced in aging, especially with respect to acquisition of new knowledge, which is associated with a neural plasticity decline. Animal models show a reduction of long-term potentiation, but not long-term depression, in higher age. Findings in humans are more heterogeneous, with some studies showing respective deficits, but others not, or mixed results, for plasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation. One reason for these heterogeneous results might be the inclusion of different age ranges in these studies. In addition, a systematic detailed comparison of the age-dependency of neural plasticity in humans is lacking so far.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore age-dependent plasticity alterations in adults systematically by discerning between younger and older participants in our study.
METHODS: We recruited three different age groups (Young: 18-30, Pre-Elderly: 50-65, and Elderly: 66-80 years). Anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied over the primary motor cortex with 1mA for 15 minutes to induce neuroplasticity. Cortical excitability was monitored by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation as an index of plasticity.
RESULTS: For anodal tDCS, the results show a significant excitability enhancement, as compared to sham stimulation, for both, Young and the Pre-Elderly groups, while no LTP-like plasticity was obtained in the Elderly group by the applied stimulation protocol. Cathodal tDCS induced significant excitability-diminishing plasticity in all age groups.
CONCLUSION: Our study provides further insight in age-related differences of plasticity in healthy humans, which are similar to those obtained in animal models. The decline of LTP-like plasticity in higher age could contribute to cognitive deficits observed in aging.
PMID: 32949779 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
Brain Stimul. 2020 Sep 16;:
Authors: Ghasemian-Shirvan E, Farnad L, Mosayebi-Samani M, Verstraelen S, Meesen RLJ, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA
